credit-cards

A credit card is a loan whose required payment shrinks as your balance does — so progress slows every single month, by design. The simulator races the minimum-payment path against a fixed payment you choose: the same $5,000 balance takes 26 years one way and under 5 the other. Drop the minimum a notch and it never pays off at all.

APR is the sticker rate; APY is what compounding actually does to your money over a year. The gap between them grows with the rate and the compounding frequency — a 24% APR card compounded monthly really charges 26.82%. The simulator lets you crank the frequency and watch the real rate climb away from the quote.

When you owe on several debts at once, the only real decision is which one gets your spare dollars first. Avalanche (highest rate first) is mathematically optimal; snowball (smallest balance first) hands you a paid-off debt far sooner and keeps you motivated. The simulator runs both orderings on the same debt mix and budget: on the default $25,000 mix, avalanche saves $3,792 — and snowball's first win arrives 15 months earlier.

You've got a couple of cards in the mid-20s% and a personal loan, and a lender offers to roll them all into one new loan at a single, lower rate. One payment instead of three, and the rate is better than any of your cards — what's not to like? The catch is the same one that trips people up on mortgage refinances: the new loan usually runs LONGER than it would have taken to pay the debts off separately, and stretching the balance over more months can add up to more total interest even at a lower rate. There's a second, quieter cost too — folding several balances into one erases the finish line on whichever debt was closest to gone, so the relief of almost being done with your worst card resets to zero. This lesson races 'keep them separate' against 'consolidate' on the same chart, so you can see exactly when the lower rate is a real win and when it's a longer, costlier version of the same debt.

You're carrying a high-rate card balance, and a new card offers 0% interest for the next 15 months if you move the debt over — for a one-time fee. It sounds like a free pause on interest, and for a while, it is. But that 0% is a countdown, not a discount: the day the promo window closes, whatever's left starts accruing at a normal — often steep — ongoing rate. This lesson races the transfer against just leaving the balance on your original card, so you can see exactly when the 0% offer is free money and when the fee plus the reverted rate quietly cost you more than doing nothing ever would have.

A payday loan's pitch is simple: borrow a few hundred dollars, pay a flat fee, pay it all back on your next payday. The fee sounds small — $15 per $100 is a common example — so it doesn't feel like 'real' interest. But that fee is for a loan lasting roughly two weeks, not a year, and annualizing it the same way every other interest rate gets annualized reveals a true APR that routinely lands north of 300%. Most borrowers can't repay the whole balance on the first due date — that's usually why they borrowed in the first place — so most lenders offer a 'rollover': pay just the fee again, and the loan resets for another two weeks. The principal never moves. Every rollover is a brand-new, full-price fee on the exact same debt. This lesson races that rollover spiral's cumulative fees against a personal loan sized to the same amount, so you can see exactly how fast a 'small' fee turns into real money — sometimes within a single missed due date.